Then he came to the island of the Lotus eaters. Where three of his men were 'drunk' from eating the flower and wanted to stay, but Odysseus tied them to his ship. Then they went to the Cyclopes where he lost six men to Polyphemus the Cyclops. That's when Polyphemus cursed Odysseus so that Odysseus would be the only one to return home. Then his fleet gets smaller and smaller until only Odysseus and 45 men are left. Then they land on Helios's island where his sacred cattle is. Odysseus's men eat the cattle except him, and they all die.
Only Odysseus reaches home. No man was left behind, they were killed off. That's what I had learned. Sign up to join this community.
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Learn more. How many sailors from Odysseus' crew survived the Odyssey? Nor do they meet in council, those Cyclops, nor hand down laws; they live on mountaintops, in deep caves; each one rules his wife and children, and every family ignores its neighbors Elsewhere, across hilltops and woods, the hunters toil; but here they do not come.
Nor are there sheep or cows; and that land always stays unsown, unplowed The Cyclops have no ships with crimson bows, no shipwrights who might fashion sturdy hulls that answer to the call, that sail across to other peoples' towns that men might want to visit. With Odysseus' many tales and disguises, he offers examples of true and false stories, and challenges his audience to tell them apart.
Surely, some of this fascination with the differences among stories arises from the poet's own efforts to establish his poem's independence from the Iliad, and to establish his own hero, Odysseus, with a different set of values from Achilleus. Occasionally, we may see more direct criticisms or comments upon the story of the Trojan War Nestor, never one to shy from a long story, begins to summarize the Trojan War for Telemachos, but gives up, exclaiming: " Other miseries, and many, we endured there.
Could any mortal man tell the whole story? Not if you stayed five years or six to hear how hard it was for the flower of the Achaians; you'd go home weary, and the tale untold. Their dangerously seductive and destructive song turns out to be - like the Iliad - the tale of Troy: " The solution is to lash him to the mast of the ship and, when he pleads to be set free, to tie him more securely. Thus warned and protected, the crew survives temptation, although Odysseus is nearly driven mad by his desire to submit to the Sirens' call.
Getting past Scylla and Charybdis calls for ultimate leadership on the part of Odysseus. Not only must he exercise proper judgment, but he must also recognize that, even if things go well, he still loses six good men. Following Circe's advice, he avoids the whirlpool Charybdis and tries the side of the six-headed monster Scylla.
Against his instincts, he pushes through the monster's attack without stopping for a fight, realizing that delay would only cost him more men. He loses the six to a writhing death, the most heart-wrenching experience for Odysseus in all his wanderings.
The final test of judgment in Odysseus' wanderings takes place at the island of Thrinacia, land of the Sungod Helios. Odysseus wants to bypass the island because of Tiresias' prophecy and Circe's warning. However, his men are tired and hungry. In addition, the night sea is especially dangerous. Eurylocus speaks for the crew and begs Odysseus to land on the island so that the men can rest and prepare a proper meal.
He assures Odysseus that they have plenty of supplies onboard and that, therefore, Odysseys need not worry about his men raiding the island or harming the sacred cattle.
Though aggressive and determined, he is far from rash. Instead, he is shrewd, cautious, and extremely self-confident. In each case, he makes a decision and converts thought to action with speed and poise.
While these inner debates are characteristic of Odysseus, they are in some ways characteristic of The Odyssey as a whole. Unlike The Iliad , which explores the phenomena of human interaction—competition, aggression, warfare, and the glory that they can bring a man in the eyes of others— The Odyssey concerns itself much more with the unseen universe of the human heart, with feelings of loneliness, confusion, and despair.
Not surprisingly, Homer introduces the hero Odysseus in a very unheroic way. We first find him sulking on a beach, yearning for home, alone except for the love-struck goddess who has imprisoned him there.
Although not entirely foreign in The Iliad , this sort of pathetic scene still seems far removed from the grand, glorious battles of the first epic. Even without the linguistic and historical evidence, some commentators consider the stylistic divergence of scenes like this strong evidence of the separate authorship of these two poems.
Some see it as a realistic, unflinching account of the way things work in the patriarchal culture of ancient Greece: while men of the mortal world and Zeus and the other male gods can get away with promiscuous behavior, society expects females to be faithful at all times.
With this interpretation, we find ourselves naturally sympathetic to Calypso, who is making a passionate critique of social norms that are genuinely hypocritical. The question of interpretation becomes even trickier when we consider the relationship between Penelope and Odysseus. Ace your assignments with our guide to The Odyssey!
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